Smog: Types, Effects, And Precautions in Pakistan
Smog is a form of air pollution that diminishes visibility and impairs clear vision. Coined in the early 1900s, the term “smog” describes a blend of smoke and fog, frequently stemming from coal combustion.
Smog in Pakistan:
In recent years, smog has emerged as a persistent and notable environmental concern in Pakistan. This issue is particularly prevalent during the winter months, spanning from October to February. Multiple factors contribute to the generation and escalation of smog in the Pakistan’s region.
Distinguishing Smog from Fog:
Fog is a type of low-lying cloud formed mainly by suspended water droplets, which impart a white hue when observed in natural-color satellite images. In contrast, industrial smog typically forms in cool, humid environments and comprises many tiny aerosol particles, giving it a grayish appearance.
Photochemical Smog:
The smog prevalent today is known as photochemical smog, which arises from the interaction between sunlight and certain atmospheric constituents. When sunlight interacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere, it generates airborne particles and ground-level ozone, resulting in the formation of smog.
Types of Smog:
There are two main types of smog:
1. Los Angeles smog: which mainly occurs during the summer months in subtropical regions. It consists primarily of gases, including carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons.
2. London smog: more commonly associated with temperate climates, primarily forms between November and January. It is primarily composed of a mixture of various particulate matter enriched with substances such as sulfur, nitrogen, carbon oxides, and soot.
Effects of Smog on Human Health:
Smog significantly impacts human health, causing a wide range of health issues. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects. Common side effects of smog on human health include:
1. Respiratory Problems: Smog can irritate the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a sore throat. It can worsen pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis.
2. Irritated Eyes and Skin: Smog can cause eye irritation, redness, and itching. It can also result in skin problems such as rashes and dryness.
3. Headaches and Fatigue: Breathing in smog can cause symptoms like headaches, fatigue, and general discomfort.
Long-term exposure to smog is linked to a higher risk of chronic respiratory diseases, decreased lung function, and increased mortality rates.
Additional common factors that increase the risk of developing kidney stones are:
Smog has detrimental effects on the environment and our surroundings, including:
1. Increased nitrogen levels in the soil: which can render the soil infertile and hinder plant development.
2. Diminished presence of ultraviolet rays: reducing the natural source of vitamin D, affecting both animals and plants.
3. Formation of haze in the atmosphere: reducing visibility.
4. Creation of acid rain: which can make lakes and streams acidic, further harming aquatic ecosystems.
Precautions:
To protect yourself from smog, consider taking the following precautions:
- Stay indoors.
- Stay hydrated.
- Wear a mask.
- Maintain personal hygiene.
- Wear wrap-around sunglasses.
Homeopathic Treatment:
umerous effective homeopathic remedies are available for addressing the effects of smog. The selection of appropriate medicines is determined based on the specific symptoms experienced by individuals affected by smog.
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